Доколумбовы путешествия в Америку

Pre-Columbian trans-oceanic contact

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Pre-Columbian trans-oceanic contact describes alleged interactions between the indigenous peoples of the Americas and peoples of other continents – Africa, Asia, Europe, or Oceania – before the arrival of Christopher Columbus in 1492. Many such contacts have been proposed at various times, based on historical accounts, archaeological finds, and cultural comparisons.

However, claims of such contact are controversial and hotly debated. Only one instance of European contact – the Norse settlement at L'Anse aux Meadows in Newfoundland, Canada c. A.D. 1000 – is widely regarded as demonstrated. Much older Asian contact is evidenced by the Dene-Yeniseian language family, which has branches in central Siberia and northwestern North America.Contents [hide]

1 Models of migration to the New World

1.1 Bering Land Bridge

1.2 Other models of migration to the New World

1.2.1 Pacific intercoastal migration

1.2.2 Solutrean hypothesis

2 Post-migration trans-oceanic contact

2.1 Historical long-range travel

2.2 Confirmed trans-oceanic contact

2.2.1 Thule people migration in the New World

2.2.2 Norse interactions in the New World

2.3 Possible trans-oceanic contact

2.3.1 Polynesians

2.3.2 Material evidence of possible contact

2.4 Fringe theories

2.4.1 15th century Europe

2.4.2 Africans

2.4.3 Andalusians, Arabs, and Moors

2.4.4 Australians

2.4.5 Irish

2.4.6 Chinese

2.4.7 Egyptians and Mesopotamians

2.4.8 Incas

2.4.9 Indians

2.4.10 Israelites

2.4.11 Japanese

2.4.12 Mormon teachings

2.4.13 Native Americans

2.4.14 Romans, Greeks, and Phoenicians

2.4.15 Welsh

3 Notes

4 References

5 See also

6 External links

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Models of migration to the New World

Main article: Models of migration to the New World

A 2007 study suggests "that the initial founders of the Americas emerged from a single source ancestral population that evolved in isolation, likely in Beringia.... the isolation in Beringia might have lasted up to 15,000 years. Following this isolation, the initial founders of the Americas began to rapidly populate the New World from North to South America."[1]